His crew, with his vast illegal interests went to Anthony Salerno. Crim. (Associated Press), In June 2008, Texas Syndicate member Emanuel Camacho Gomez fatally guns down 27-year-old Rose Anne Martinez in San Antonio, Texas. Due to the fact that the Mafia families are based on the blood ties, which is a factor that restricts the number of the clan members, the bonds between them are very strong, which makes getting close to and infiltrating into them almost impossible. Albanian organized crime is active in Albania , the United States , and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking . A lawsuit against the Texas prison system and Sandoval was underway by Arredondos family. Sandovals letter was a scathing criticism of the TDCJs good ol boy system, which Sandoval claimed has ruled with an iron fist since the penal system was first established (Draper 1991). There were approximately sixty prison gang related homicides between 1984-1985. In " We Own the Night "; A final drug transaction is made with the Albanian Mafia. Sandoval was eventually found not guilty on May 29, 1991 after jurors deliberated for only approximately half an hour. A week later another juror wrote Sandoval a four-page letter, expressing her chagrin that he had been put through all the agony (Draper, 1991). Gonzales was a Texas Mexican Mafia member and was allegedly killed by members of the Texas Syndicate (Buentello, 1986). Italians. This case began in the early 1970s through the efforts of an inmate writ-writer named David Resendez Ruz and ultimately exposed the unconstitutionality of the Texas prison system. The first time, on January 30th, 1972, it was a real event: a massacre in Derry of 13 unarmed civilians by the first . Sandovals lawyer Steve Fischer argued for their removal from the murder trial. Plaurent "Lenti" Dervisha : On the Interpol's and FBI's most wanted list as being the leading member of a criminal organization based out of Durrs , Albania , who Albanian authorities say is the brother-in-law of Lul Berisha ;a reputed leader of one of the 15 mafia families. The Aztecas murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. At about 7:30 pm in the evening at the Darrington Unit day room in Rosharon, TX three Texas Mexican Mafia members Lloyd Vasquez, Jose Arturo Garcia, and Albert Carrillo were all fatally stabbed by Texas Syndicate members Lee R. Castro and Rogelio Cantu who were detained afterwards. The murder involves a state wide war between both prison gangs. Other factors that were possible motivators were being part of an economically disadvantaged social group, the reality of low wage work as a prison guard, or merely feeling trapped because of the fear of reprisal by prison gang members. The larger pool of applicants paved the way for many new minority employees such as Mexican Americans to join the staff of the Texas prison system. The Texas Syndicate 's . This complicates mass incarceration scholarship which primarily rests along the Black and White binary of American history. Correspondingly, Vasquez, Garcia, and Carrillo who were the earlier victims were all incarcerated for robbery or burglary convictions. Buentello, S. Texas Syndicate: A Review of Its Inception, Growth in Violence and Continued Threat to the TDC. He convened a meeting at which members voted to have Arredondo killed, according to prosecutor Tuck Tucker (Fair, 1991). All Rights Reserved. In Games The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. Hispanic guards, he said, were either coerced into quitting or found doing something wrong. He also stated supervisors treated inmates like animals (Draper, 1991). Money has been transferred by the couriers in special waist belts with many pockets. Winner of the Sundance Film Festival's Audience Award, writer-director Paul Greengrass' "magnetic and impassioned" drama is a "staggering re-creation" of the events of Sunday, January 30th, 1972 when British troops clashed with unarmed protestors in Derry, Northern Ireland. Bloody Sunday commemorates when, in 1965, 600 people began a march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, demanding an end to discrimination in voter registration. There are a lot of ways they can get you in trouble (McKay, 1991). 50 Years On, Bloody Sunday's Wounds Are Still Felt - The New York Times. Familiarity was both good and bad. In the video game Socom 2 your first mission is to capture several kingpins in Albania. Later, they would become affiliated with Cosa Nostra crime families before eventually growing strong enough to operate their own organizations under the Iliazi family name. Many prison gang members were sentenced to prison on non-homicide charges and were incarcerated for charges such as burglary. (Ortiz v. State, 93 S.W.3d 79 (Tex. On Wednesday, May 29, the jurors milled around outside the courtroom and vented their disgust with the states case to the media (Draper, 1991). Torres was a Texas Syndicate informant who provided information crucial to a federal case against fellow gang members. Fifty-two prisoners were murdered in a 21-month period that became known as the "war years." Over 50 different gangs were represented in our study. Saviano notes that the Camorra from Naples can't understand the Russian clans , which aren't based on family ties, and feels greater affinity with the Albanian crime families. Roberto Saviano, The Italian writer, a good expert of Neapolitan Camorra and the Italian mafia in general, spoke of the Albanian mafia as a no longer foreign mafia to Italy and stressed that the Albanians and Italians have a "brotherly" relationship between each other. Sunday Bloody Sunday Lyrics [Intro] Yeah, mm-hm [Verse 1] I can't believe the news today Oh, I can't close my eyes and make it go away [Refrain] How long? Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell Two guards, Joel Lambright Jr. and Alex Torres, were also charged in 1994 with murder after Sandoval was charged and convicted (Smith, 1994). David Weeks, a special prison prosecutor stated, more than 90 percent of inmate homicides are gang-ordered and more than one-half of the assaults are the result of gang warfare (Klimko, 1987). This study is also meant to highlight not only Mexican American prison gangs but the overall Mexican American experience for inmates and guards within the confines of the world of prisons. While violence was a problem for both guards and inmates, there were also non-violent measures explored by prison gangs. ), 1997), In 1990, the Mexikanemi and Texas Syndicate agree on a truce. Then, through negotiations or in armed showdowns, the Albanians struck out on their own, daring to battle the Lucchese and Gambino families for territory in Queens, the Bronx and Westchester County, prosecutors say." Sandoval claimed he skipped the court date and hid out for three weeks in California because he feared prison officials. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy. Speaking anonymously for Philadelphia's City Paper a member of the " Kielbasa Posse ", an ethnic Polish mob group, declared in 2002 that Poles are willing to do business with "just about anybody. Sandovals case was unique as the only guard to be charged with a homicide at this point, but other guards were charged with other crimes. 402K subscribers 2 No views 1 minute ago ESPN's Matt Barrie is back for Week 6's Sunday Bloody Sunday to talk through the interim coaches prowess, Alabama's win over Texas A&M, Tennessee. More than 15 marchers were hospitalized for injuries suffered in an event known as " Bloody Sunday ." Under Sandovals watch on December 17, 1986 Joe Arredondo, a Texas Syndicate member was found murdered. Danielle S. Willkens "Once we identify a name and the story behind them, we can track. It was also the most violent period for Texas prisons, which proved to be a difficult adjustment not just for the state but for Sandoval as well. The rising racial tensions finally bubbled over into bloodshed in the nearby town of Marion on February 18, 1965, when state troopers clubbed protestors and fatally shot 26-year-old Jimmie Lee. Over thirty people lost their lives in a notorious welter of political violence, that made headlines across Ireland and across the world. The favor increased from the lighting of a cigarette to mailing letters for the inmates as they claimed to lack stamps to do so. Caught with at least $125 million in heroin, Lika issued a $400,000 contract on the prosecutor Alan Cohen and the detective Jack Delemore, both placed under protective custody. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2004, The Raza Unida and Texas Syndicate settle on a truce. He was also unfamiliar with the environment of a prison. They have been reported in the Federal Correctional Institute at Oakdale, Louisiana, and in San Quentin, California, with frequency. With the lack of social mobility due to economic constraints, Mexican Americans were forced into what limited opportunities were afforded to them. Here, it could be heard that they are even more dangerous than Cosa Nostra . The Aryan Brotherhood which also formed in California is not related to the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas. Unfolding in real time we're able to see exactly how the . bloody sunday Dem Leaders Urged to Mark Bloody Sunday by Acting on Voting Rights, Economic Justice "This is no time for foolishness, photo-ops, and flaky commitments," declares a letter from faith leaders including Bishop William Barber II and Rev. Sandovals whole experience within Texas prisons was encased within these various historical processes. This new type of exploitation of the guards was also facilitated because many new guards had been hired as mandated by law as prison rights gains were made through several prominent legal court cases, primarily Lamar v. Coffield. Sandovals Early Beginnings Location: Texas . Their gang activity in this case was approved because of racial kinship. Crucially, this process of selection was also highly racialized. Inmates used this perceived racial brotherhood to manipulate Sandoval for the gains of the prison gangs illegal activity by initiating the common process in prisons called downing the duck (Bedard, 2013). But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. TDC guard indicted in 1986 slaying of inmate. Houston Chronicle. Jose Daniel Flores, aka "Cuate," 43, was sentenced to 360 months in prison after pleading guilty in March to intent to distribute heroin. So, in a single one-way trip, they can carry up to six million D-marks. App., 2008), In March 2002, Raza Unida members stab a Texas Syndicate member to death at the Polunsky Unit in Livingston, Texas. Additionally, many prison units were being constructed as the state and the rest of the country saw a rise in inmate populations. This exposed the longer historical process of Mexican Americans in United States history being perceived as bandits and criminals without full legal recourse. In Television In the " Law and Order: Criminal Intent " episode "Blasters" (Season 6, Episode 9) two former childstars involved in bootlegging ring are being hunted down by the Albanian mob. Loaded on March 15, 2003 by C.C. Albanian gangsters were also involved in the largest cash robbery in British crime history, the 53 million (about US$92.5 million at the time of the robbery) Securitas heist in 2006. In fact, the building tender system had purposely ignored Mexican Americans as potential candidates based on racial ideas. Rosas eventually confessed to actually stabbing Arredondo but was offered a favorable deal in exchange for his testimony [against Sandoval]; and Ruben Ortiz, a convicted murderer and TS sex slave [] was paroled after he agreed to testify (Draper, 1991). The victim, who was also a TS member was wrestled down and intentionally overdosed with a shot of heroin. members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. The Rudaj Organization , also called "The Corporation", was a well known Albanian criminal organization operating in the New York City metro area. Eventually we found out that "Eulinda" had already transferred 150 million dollars to Kosovo for "humanitarian purposes", says Bruckert. On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. Bloody Sunday proved to be a turning point in the civil rights movement that led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as 440 pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time. Some inmates who testified against him were prison gang members including those who were eventually convicted of the murder. Texas Syndicate Tattoos: He quite simply may have wanted or needed the money. He had graduated quickly from menial tasks to more important tasks. Texas Syndicate moved into Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). Home - Julian Samora Research Institute - Michigan State University (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate member Rogelio Hernandez murders Officer Jose Herrera during an attempted escape from the Webb County Jail. Coppola was also supervising the illegal number racket that was once controlled by Dutch Schultz before his murder. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1995, the Texas Syndicate declares war on a Mexican gang known as Mexicles. While Sandoval was found not guilty and was vindicated, it came at a cost. The prosecution of Sandoval occurred through a new development in the Texas prison system. Just a few weeks before the Cesario Gonzales homicide that Luis Sandoval witnessed, Arturo Astro Aguilar, a Texas Mexican Mafia member was murdered on August 22, 1985 in the Eastham Unit by the Texas Syndicate. If the guard or staff member refused or rejected the task, the inmate(s) then informed them that they would notify prison administrators of previous favors (Bedard, 2013). Sandoval was hired as part of the new guard force that was coming in and was separate from the old guard who had largely stayed to themselves, was predominately white, and had strong rapport with the building tenders. Robert Riggs Reports Blood In. Albanian mobsters Rexho and Luan feature in the Danish crime film Pusher III . The details of exactly who he saw murdered were not clear but according to homicide records, the victim was probably Cesario Gonzales who was killed on August 31, 1985. (Houston Chronicle). His lawyer argued that these allegations were extremely prejudicial and are solely calculated to provoke anger and hate for the defendant by the jury. In certain ways, Fischer contended that these allegations criminalized Sandoval for illegal activities he may or may not have committed, but had not been convicted of, a process easy for Mexican Americans to succumb to and for the rest of the general population to accept (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). Hernandez, who was serving a life sentence plus eight years for Travis County convictions of attempted capital murder and illegal possession of a firearm, was the second-in-command of the Texas Syndicate prison gang. They continued the war and within month's police began arresting top members of the Camorra gangs. Five months earlier, in August 1971 and against a backdrop of escalating violence and increased bombings in Northern Ireland, a new law was introduced giving the authorities the power to imprison . The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable." *Alfredo Aguilar is a doctoral candidate in the department of history at Texas Tech University, References Top Gear , a British car show, featured an episode (comedy) in which they tested three luxury automakers; Rolls-Royce Ghost , Mercedes-Benz S-Class , and Bentley Mulsanne , to see which would be best suitable for Albanian Mafia bosses. Charles Brown, a TDCJ spokesman said, an 8-inch long flat piece of metal and a boning knife were recovered at the scene, likely the murder weapons (Graczyk, 1985). As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. The murder took place in a corridor of the prison unit that was hidden from the view of prison guards. Links to Calabrias Mafia, the "Ndrangheta", exist in Northern Italy. Immediately after the trial, the community responded. Giuseppe Morello became the Capo di tutti capi (or boss of bosses ), but before long he and Ignazio Saietta were arrested and charged with counterfeiting in 1910. (Draper, 1991) In the letter, he was critical of the Texas prison system. Bloody Sunday, which took place on Sunday, 9 January 1905, constitutes, even today, one of the most misrepresented events in the history of Russia. Vice squad officers estimate that "Albanians now control more than 75 per cent of the countrys brothels and their operations in Londons Soho alone are worth more than 15 million a year."
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