So some languages don't have number words. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. So that's a measurement difference of 100 percent of performance. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. But can you imagine someone without imagining their gender? BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. Language as it evolved was just talking to an extent that can be very hard for we literate people to imagine. These relationships can help you feel cared for and connected. There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. VEDANTAM: I love this analogy you have in the book where you mention how, you know, thinking that a word has only one meaning is like looking at a snapshot taken at one point in a person's life and saying this photograph represents the entirety of what this person looks like. So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. How else would you do it? So - but if I understand correctly, I would be completely at sea if I visited this aboriginal community in Australia because I have often absolutely no idea where I am or where I'm going. It goes in this pile. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button He. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. VEDANTAM: (Laughter) All right, I think it might be time for me to confess one of my pet peeves. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. VEDANTAM: If you have teenagers or work closely with young people, chances are you'll be mystified by their conversations or even annoyed. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. Persuasion: Part 1 - Transcripts MCWHORTER: Exactly. And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? Time now for "My Unsung Hero," our series from the team at Hidden Brain telling the stories of . UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #5: (Speaking foreign language). But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. You 2.0: How to Open Your Mind | Hidden Brain Media We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? Mistakes and errors are what turned Latin into French. This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. And if you don't have a word for exactly seven, it actually becomes very, very hard to keep track of exactly seven. So I think that nobody would say that they don't think language should change. MCWHORTER: No, because LOL was an expression; it was a piece of language, and so you knew that its meaning was going to change. And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. MCWHORTER: Yeah. We'll be back momentarily. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. Maybe it's even less than a hundred meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your coat on over your pajamas and put your boots on and go outside and walk those hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. MCWHORTER: Those are called contronyms, and literally has become a new contronym. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, by Harry Reis, Edward P. Lemay Jr, and Catrin Finkenauer, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2017. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. And nobody wishes that we hadn't developed our modern languages today from the ancient versions. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. So when the perfect woman started writing him letters, it seemed too good to be true. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. VEDANTAM: You make the case that concerns over the misuse of language might actually be one of the last places where people can publicly express prejudice and class differences. That is the most random thing. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. Elon Musk's brain chips, starvation in Somalia and Greek anguish Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: (Speaking foreign language). Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. So what happens is that once literally comes to feel like it means really, people start using it in figurative constructions such as I was literally dying of thirst. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. Language was talk. VEDANTAM: Lera now tries to understand languages spoken all over the world. BORODITSKY: Well, you would be at sea at first. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. That's what it's all about. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. And it irritates people, but there's a different way of seeing literally. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. You-uh (ph). ), The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, 2018. Hidden Brain - Transcripts Hidden Brain - Transcripts Subscribe 435 episodes Share Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #3: (As character) I'm willing to get involved. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air Accuracy and availability may vary. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. Let's start with the word literally. And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Arlen C. Moller, Motivation Science, 2020. If the language stayed the way it was, it would be like a pressed flower in a book or, as I say, I think it would be like some inflatable doll rather than a person. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, by Kennon M. Sheldon, 2022. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. And so for me, that question was born in that conversation of are there some languages where it's easier to imagine a person without their characteristics of gender filled in? Whats going on here? MCWHORTER: Yes, that's exactly true. But might we allow that there's probably a part of all human beings that wants to look down on somebody else. It's not necessarily may I please have, but may I have, I'll have, but not can I get a. I find it just vulgar for reasons that as you can see I can't even do what I would call defending. So act like Monday. According to neuroscientists who study laughter, it turns out that chuckles and giggles often aren't a response to humorthey're a response to people. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. FAQ | Hidden Brain Media That is utterly arbitrary that those little slits in American society look elderly, but for various chance reasons, that's what those slits came to mean, so I started wearing flat-fronted pants. So the word for the is different for women than for men, and it's also different for forks versus spoons and things like that. We call this language Gumbuzi. In a lot of languages, there isn't. I'm Shankar Vedantam. They're more likely to say, well, it's a formal property of the language. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. VEDANTAM: I understand there's been some work looking at children and that children who speak certain languages are actually quicker to identify gender and their own gender than children who are learning other languages in other cultures. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. And if they were facing east, they would make the cards come toward them, toward the body. You know, there's no left leg or right leg. So it's mendokusai. And you've conducted experiments that explore how different conceptions of time in different languages shape the way we think about the world and shape the way we think about stories. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. How come you aren't exactly the way you were 10 years ago? You couldn't have predicted this I know-uh move-uh (ph). I'm Shankar Vedantam. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. Hidden Brain Claim By Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Podcasts RSS Web PODCAST SEARCH EPISODES COMMUNITY PODCASTER EDIT SHARE Listen Score LS 84 Global Rank TOP 0.01% ABOUT THIS PODCAST Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. If it is the first time you login, a new account will be created automatically. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. You would give a different description to mark that it was not intentional. So there are some differences that are as big as you can possibly measure. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. But the reason that it seems so elusive is because we don't really think about the, quote, unquote, "meaning" of things like our conversation-easing laughter.
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